5. Jumu’a
5.1 Ghusl on the Day of Jumu’a
1 Yahya related to me from Malik from Sumayy, the mawla of Abu Bakr ibn ‘Abd ar-Rahman, from Abu Salih as-Sammani from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “If someone does ghusl for major ritual impurity (janaba) on the day of Jumu’a and then goes in the first part of the time, it is as if he has offered up a camel. If he goes in the second part of the time, it is as if he has offered up a cow. If he goes in third part of the time, it is as if he has offered up a horned ram. If he goes in the fourth part of the time, it is as if he has offered up a hen. If he goes in the fifth part of the time, it is as if he has offered up an egg. And when the imam comes out, the angels settle down listening to the dhikr (remembrance of Allah).”
[cf Bukhari 841]
2 Yahya related to me from Malik from Sa’id ibn Abi Sa’id al-Maqburi that Abu Hurayra used to say, “Doing ghusl as prescribed for major ritual impurity (janaba) is incumbent (wajib) on the day of Jumu’a on every male who has reached puberty.”
3 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Salim ibn ‘Abdullah said, “One of the companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came into the mosque on the day of Jumu’a while ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab was already giving the khutba. ‘Umar asked, ‘What (kind of) time is this (to arrive)?’ He replied, ‘Amir al-Muminin, I returned from the market and heard the call to prayer, so I did no more than do wudu’.’ ‘Umar said, ‘You only did wudu’ as well? You know that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to instruct people to do ghusl.'”
[cf Bukhari 838]
4 Yahya related to me from Malik from Safwan ibn Sulaym from ‘Ata’ ibn Yasar from Abu Sa’id al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Ghusl on the day of Jumu’a is incumbent on every male who has reached puberty.”
[cf Bukhari 820]
5 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi’ from Ibn ‘Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “When you go to Jumu’a, do ghusl.”
[cf Bukhari 837]
Malik said, “It is not enough for someone to do a ghusl on the day of Jumu’a and intend by it the ghusl for Jumu’a unless he does ghusl and then sets off. That is because the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said in the hadith related by Ibn ‘Umar, ‘When you go to Jumu’a, perform ghusl.'”
Malik said, “If someone does ghusl on the day of Jumu’a and intends by it the ghusl of the day of Jumu’a and then sets out, whether early or late, and does something which breaks his wudu’, he only has to do wudu’ and his ghusl remains valid for him.”
5.2 Paying attention when the imam is giving the Khutba on the day of Jumu’a
6 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu’z-Zinad from al-A’raj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Even saying to your companion ‘Listen’ while the imam is giving the khutba on the day of Jumu’a, constitutes foolish chatter.”
[cf Bukhri 892]
7 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Tha’laba ibn Abi Malik al-Quradhi informed him that in the time of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab they used to pray on the day of Jumu’a until ‘Umar came out, and when ‘Umar came out and sat on the mimbar and the mu’adhdhins called the adhan, they would sit and talk, and then when the mu’adhdhins were silent and ‘Umar stood to give the khutba, they would pay attention and no one would speak.
Ibn Shihab said, “The imam coming out stops prayer and his speaking stops conversation.”
8 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu’n-Nadr, the mawla of ‘Umar ibn ‘Ubaydullah, from Malik ibn Abi ‘Amir that ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan used to say in khutbas, and he would seldom omit it if he was giving the khutba, “When the imam stands delivering the khutba on the day of Jumu’a, listen and pay attention, for there is the same portion for someone who pays attention but cannot hear as for someone who pays attention and hears. And when the iqama of the prayer is called, straighten your rows and make your shoulders adjacent to each other, because the straightening of the rows is part of the completion of the prayer.” Then he would not say the takbir until some men who had been entrusted with straightening the rows came and told him that they were straight. Then he would say the takbir.
9 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi’ that ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar saw two men talking while the imam was giving the khutba on the day of Jumu’a and he threw pebbles at them to alert them to be quiet.
10 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that a man sneezed on the day of Jumu’a while the imam was giving the khutba, and a man by his side asked Allah to bless him. Sa’id ibn al-Musayyab was asked about that and disapproved of what the man had done and said, “Do not do it again.”
11 Yahya related to me from Malik that when he asked Ibn Shihab about talking in the Jumu’a after the imam had come down from the minbar but before he had said the takbir. Ibn Shihab said, “There is no harm in that.”
5.3 Catching a Rak’a of the Jumu’a Prayer
12 Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab used to say, “Someone who catches a rak’at of the Jumu’a prayer should pray another rak’a with it.” Ibn Shihab said, “That is the sunna.”
Malik said, “I saw the people of knowledge in our city doing that. That is because the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘Whoever catches a rak’a of the prayer has caught the prayer.'”
Malik said, concerning someone who was in a crowd on the day of Jumu’a and did the ruku’ but was not able to go into sajda until the imam had risen or finished his prayer, “If he is able to do the sajda and has already done the ruku’ then he should do the sajda when the people stand up. If he is unable to do the sajda until after the imam has finished the prayer, then I prefer that he begins the prayer again and does the four rak’as of Dhuhr.”
5.4 Nose Bleeds on the Day of Jumu’a
13 Malik said, “Someone who has a nose bleed on the day of Jumu’a while the imam is giving the khutba and he leaves and does not come back until the imam has finished the prayer, should pray four rak’ats.”
Malik said that if someone prayed a rak’a with the imam on the day of Jumu’a and then his nose started to bleed so he left and came back and the imam had prayed both rak’ats, then he should complete the prayer with another rak’a as long as he had not spoken.
Malik said, “Someone who has a nose bleed, or something else happens to him that forces him to leave, does not have to ask permission of the imam if he wants to leave on the day of Jumu’a.”
5.5 Making Haste on the Day of Jumu’a
14 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had asked Ibn Shihab about the word of Allah, the Majestic, the Mighty, “O you who believe! When the prayer is called on the Day of Jumu’a, hasten to the remembrance of Allah.” (62:9). Ibn Shihab said, “‘Umar ibn al-Khattab used to recite, ‘When the call is made for the prayer on the day of Jumu’a, go to the remembrance of Allah.'”
Malik said, “Making haste in the Book of Allah is only deed and action. Allah the Blessed, the Exalted, says ‘When he leaves you, he goes about the earth ‘ (2:205), and He, the Exalted, said, ‘But as for him who comes to you eagerly showing fearfulness’ (80:8), and He said, ‘Then hastily backed away’ (79:22), and He said, ‘Your striving is to widely different ends’” (92:4). Malik said, “Thus the making haste which Allah mentions in His Book is not running on the feet or exertion. It only means deed and actions.”
5.6 The Imam’s Stopping off in a Town on the Day of Jumu’a
15 Malik said, “If the imam stops off on a journey in a settlement where Jumu’a is obligatory and he gives a khutba and leads them in the Jumu’a prayer, then the people of the town and any other people present do the Jumu’a prayer with him.”
Malik said, “If the imam gathers people for prayer while he is travelling in a settlement where the Jumu’a prayer is not obligatory, then there is no Jumu’a for him, nor for the people of the town, nor for anyone else who joins them for the prayer in congregation, and the people of the settlement and anyone else who is not travelling should perform the full prayer.”
Malik added, “Jumu’a is not obligatory for a traveller.”
5.7 The Special Time in the Day of Jumu’a
16 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu’z-Zinad from al-A’raj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, mentioned the day of Jumu’a and said, “There is a time in it when Allah gives to a Muslim standing in prayer whatever he asks for,” and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, indicated with his hand how small it was.
[cf Bukhari 893]
17 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yazid ibn ‘Abdullah ibn al-Had from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Harith at-Taymi from Abu Salama ibn ‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn ‘Awf that Abu Hurayra said, “I went out to at-Tur (Mount Sinai) and met Ka’b al-Ahbar and sat with him. He related to me things from the Torah and I related to him things from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Among the things I related to him was that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘The best of days on which the sun rises is the day of Jumu’a. On it Adam was created, and on it he fell from the Garden. On it he was forgiven, and on it he died. On it the Hour occurs, and every moving thing listens from morning till sunset in apprehension of the Hour except jinn and men. During it there is a time when Allah gives to a Muslim slave standing in prayer whatever he asks for.’ Ka’b said, ‘That is one day in every year.’ I said, ‘No, every Jumu’a.’ Then Ka’b recited the Torah and said, ‘The Messenger of Allah has spoken the truth.'”
Abu Hurayra continued, “I met Basra ibn Abi Basra al-Ghifari and he said, ‘Where have you come from?’ I said, ‘From at-Tur.’ He said, ‘If I had seen you before you left, you would not have gone. I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, “Only make a special journey to three mosques: the mosque of the Haram (Makka), this mosque (Madina), and the mosque of Ilya’ or the Bait al-Maqdis (two names of Jerusalem).”‘” (He was not sure which expression was used.)
Abu Hurayra continued, “Then I met ‘Abdullah ibn Salam and I told him that I had sat with Ka’b al-Ahbar, and I mentioned what I had related to him about the day of Jumu’a, and told him that Ka’b had said, ‘That is one day in every year.’ ‘Abdullah ibn Salam said, ‘Ka’b lied,’ and I added, ‘Ka’b then recited the Torah and said, “No, it is every Jumu’a.” ‘ ‘Abdullah ibn Salam said, ‘Ka’b spoke the truth.’ Then ‘Abdullah ibn Salam said, ‘I know what time that is.’ ”
Abu Hurayra continued, “I said to him, ‘Let me know it – don’t keep it from me.’ ‘Abdullah ibn Salam said, ‘It is the last period of time in the day of Jumu’a.’ ”
Abu Hurayra continued, “I said, ‘How can it be the last period of time in the day of Jumu’a, when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “a Muslim standing in prayer”, and that is a time when there is no prayer?’ ‘Abdullah ibn Salam replied, ‘Did not the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, “Whoever sits waiting for the prayer is in prayer until he prays?'”
Abu Hurayra added, “I said, ‘Of course.’ He said, ‘Then it is that.'”
[The hadith is also in Abu Dawud, at-Tirmidhi and an-Nasa’i]
5.8 Good Appearance and Not Stepping over People and Facing the Imam on the Day of Jumu’a
18 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa’id that he had heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “There is nothing wrong in wearing two garments which are not work-clothes for Jumu’a.”
[In Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah]
19 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi’ that ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar would never go to Jumu’a without wearing oil and perfume except when it was forbidden (i.e. when he was in ihram).
20 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi’ from ‘Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr ibn Hazm from whoever related it to him that Abu Hurayra used to say, “It is better for a man to pray on the surface of al-Harra (a rocky area in Madina) than for him to wait until the imam stands to give the khutba and then come and step over people’s necks.”
Malik said, “The sunna with us is that the people face the imam on the day of Jumu’a when he intends to give the khutba, whether they are near the qibla or elsewhere.”
5.9 The Recitation in the Jumu’a Prayer, the Sitting, and Missing the Prayer without a Reason
21 Yahya related to me from Malik from Damra ibn Sa’id al-Mazini from ‘Ubaydullah ibn ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Utba ibn Mas’ud that ad-Dahhak ibn Qays asked an-Nu’man ibn Bashir, “What did the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to recite on the day of Jumu’a after Surat al-Jumu’a (sura 62)?” He said, “He used to recite Surat al-Ghashiya (sura 88).”
[In Muslim]
22 Yahya related to me from Malik that Safwan ibn Sulaym said, “If anyone misses Jumu’a three times without reason or illness, Allah will set a seal on his heart.” (Malik said, “I do not know if it was from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, or not.”
[In Abu Dawud, an-Nasa’i and Ibn Majah]
23 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ja’far ibn Muhammad from his father that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave two khutbas on the day of Jumu’a and sat down between them.